諾羅病毒(Norwalk virus)
上星期六和朋友去一家咖啡店,她沒事,我卻在回家之後上吐下瀉,以為吃了不乾淨的東西,得了腸胃炎。經過兩天,情況沒有好轉,開始發燒,燒了退,退了又燒,燒到天荒地老,被折騰個半死,幾乎只能昏睡在床。幾天下來,頸間僵硬,嚴重咳嗽,而且,吃藥無效。
到底是什麼病毒這麼無敵?查了資料,原來是連醫生都怕的諾羅病毒。嗯,生病的時候,才會想到,身體健康很重要。根據報導,美國每年有五萬人因感染諾羅病毒住院,其中三百一十人因此死亡,最近是此病毒的高峰季節,大夥兒多保重!
延伸閱讀:
上吐下瀉 諾羅病毒(Norwalk virus)搞的鬼
上吐下瀉不止 諾羅病毒群聚感染累計12起
諾羅病毒
上吐下瀉不止 諾羅病毒群聚感染累計12起
中央社 (2007-01-18 13:47)(中央社記者陳鈞凱台北十八日電)
秋冬殺手「諾羅病毒(Norovirus)」國內外都發威,不僅日本、中國先後爆發大規模感染,根據行政院衛生署疾病管制局統計,今年國內諾羅病毒引起腹瀉群聚事件也有增多趨勢,迄今已有十二起,患者多數上吐下瀉不止,成為警訊。好發于秋冬的諾羅病毒,近來在國際間屢屢爆發大規模感染事件,包括日本、香港、中國及加拿大都傳出嚴重的病毒性腸胃炎疫情。國內部分,根據疾管局症狀系統腹瀉監測資料顯示,迄今也有十二起群聚感染事件,除了三件仍待檢驗,其中九件已證實由諾羅病毒引起,依序為老人養護機構三件、護理家兩件、醫院四件、監獄兩件及學校一件,較去年及前年同期的各兩件,大幅增加。疾管局副局長施文儀指出,諾羅病毒只要少量即可造成腸胃炎,主要症狀包括噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉、腹痛、痙攣與發燒等,感染地點大部分為醫院、安養院、榮民之家等人口密集場所,最近甚至連學校也淪陷,北部某高中就爆發群聚感染事件,一個班級中,有將近十名同學上吐下瀉。施文儀說,根據疾管局定點醫師監測資料,也可以看出這一波疫情的威力,近四周來,每位醫師平均所看診的腹瀉病患數,約在十五至十八人間,比去年同期平均的十二至十五人,明顯高出許多。傳染力強的諾羅病毒連醫師都無法倖免,台大醫院小兒部感染科主治醫師李秉穎表示,最近院內就有醫師感染諾羅病毒,狂瀉不止,連請幾天假,由於諾羅病毒的傳染途徑除了食物與飲水外,還包括了飛沫傳染,有時即使戴上口罩,也不一定能抵擋病毒入侵。疾管局呼籲,諾羅病毒能長時間存活在糞便或嘔吐物中,提醒民眾務必避免生食及勤洗手,如果出現上吐下瀉等症狀,也應盡速就醫。民眾若有相關疑問,也可撥打「1922」傳染病諮詢專線,或上疾管局網站(http://www.cdc.gov.tw)。
諾羅病毒 兒童急性腸胃炎常見原因 2005.4.19 記者王昶閔╱台北報導
諾羅病毒(Norovirus)最近被醫界證實是兒童急性腸胃炎的常見原因,過去因為檢測困難,經常被當成食物中毒來治療,台北榮總最新研究發現,每十個因為腸胃炎住院的兒童中,就有一個是諾羅病毒引起。這是國內首見的諾羅病毒兒童急性腸胃炎調查,台北榮總從去年一月到十二月間,共蒐集一百八十位腸胃炎患者的糞便,年齡介於五個月到二十歲之間,其中二十位證實感染諾羅病毒,盛行率約十一%。
台北榮總兒童醫學部腸胃科主任吳子聰指出,諾羅病毒主要是透過糞口傳染,發病期只有二到三天,患者全部出現嘔吐症狀,其次是腹瀉、發燒、呼吸道症狀,目前仍無疫苗與治療藥物,主要是症狀治療並預防脫水,雖然有時會在一到兩週內自行改善,但若脫水嚴重者,亦可能抽搐、休克、死亡。
諾羅病毒因為病毒株種類繁多,感染後無法終身免疫,因感染年齡層廣又不分季節,一年受害者總計超過主要感染三歲以下幼兒的輪狀病毒,成為兒童急性腸胃炎的重要元兇。諾羅病毒傳染力超強,只要一百隻病毒就會引發感染,對加氯的水具有抵抗性、不易被殺死,過去因為檢驗困難,不易發現,推測很多不明原因的食物中毒,可能都與諾羅病毒有關,受病毒污染的帶殼海鮮最易傳播病毒,即使經過加熱,也無法保證不會散播病毒。
今年初以來,國內已有老人之家、呼吸照護病房、精神科病房通報多起腸胃道集體感染,其中有十八例被證實是諾羅病毒,另有百餘名個案仍在調查。吳子聰表示,美國每年有五萬人因感染諾羅病毒住院,其中三百一十人因此死亡,去年底,日本一家老人安養院有四十二名老人感染、六人死亡,可說是公共衛生上的重要問題,不能掉以輕心。他指出,諾羅病毒傳染力強,經常是一人發病,全家人吐成一團。要預防感染,應該勤洗手,患者嘔吐物必須小心處理,被污染的表面,應以漂白水消毒,食物也應該徹底清洗。
1 則留言:
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